Temperature trends over the PIRATA moored buoy array: an overview from observations and CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate change scenarios.

This paper focuses on superficial and subsuperficial ocean temperature measurements that are required for climate assessment, with an emphasis on the oceanographic temperature trends obtained from the PIRATA moored buoys (Bourles et al., 2008), in addition to the World Ocean Atlas 2018 climatological data (WOA18, Locarnini et al., 2018; Zweng et al., 2018). Firstly, we investigate the performance of CMIP5 and CMIP6 to represent the upper ocean temperature annual cycle for present climate conditions. Then, we contrast temperature trends predicted by CMIP5 and CMIP6 scenarios, relative to observed trends inferred from the PIRATA data for particular global warming levels (that is, 1.5°C, 2°C and 3.0°C). The results of these analyses will be discussed.